Review tenses
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to PolishPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 25 - What Do You Want To Be When You Grow Up in Poland? John here. |
| Marzena: Cześć. I'm Marzena. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll review Polish tenses. The conversation takes place at home. |
| Marzena: It's between Mark and Alice. |
| John: The speakers are family members; therefore, they’ll speak informal Polish. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Ala: Tatusiu, kim ty chciałeś być, jak byłeś mały? |
| Marek: Ja? Ja chciałem być strażakiem. |
| Ala: Strażakiem? A mamusia? |
| Marek: Mamusia chciała być architektem. |
| Ala: O! A ja chcę być lekarzem. Nie, Ja zostanę lekarzem! |
| Marek: W takim razie musisz się więcej uczyć. Ja się nie uczyłem, więc nie zostałem strażakiem. |
| Ala: A ja myślałam, że się uczyłeś i dlatego zostałeś prawnikiem. |
| Marek: A coś ty się taka mądra zrobiła. Pamiętaj, że na razie jesteś jeszcze uczennicą. |
| Ala: Tak, tak, byłam uczennicą, jestem uczennicą, będę uczennicą. Znam to na pamięć. |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Alice: Daddy, who did you want to be when you were little? |
| Mark: Me? I wanted to be a firefighter. |
| Alice: Firefighter? And Mommy? |
| Mark: Mommy wanted to be an architect. |
| Alice: Oh! And I want to be a doctor. No, I will be a doctor! |
| Mark: In that case, you need to study more. I did not study, so I did not become a firefighter. |
| Alice: Oh, and I thought you became a lawyer because you studied. |
| Mark: When did you become so smart, huh? Remember that you are still a student. |
| Alice: Yeah, yeah, I was a student, I am a student, I will be a student. I know it by heart. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: Marzena, what did you want to be when you were a kid? |
| Marzena: I wanted to be a Polish podcast host, of course! |
| John: Of course, what else! I wanted to be an astronaut. |
| Marzena: Well, at least one of us achieved our dreams. |
| John: The dialogue in this lesson was a cute conversation between family members. |
| Marzena: Family is very important to Polish people. |
| John: What are family relations like? |
| Marzena: Children are taught to respect their elders from an early age. |
| John: How old are children when they leave the household? |
| Marzena: Usually quite young. They often leave by the age of 18 or 19. |
| John: Do they stay in touch with the family after leaving? |
| Marzena: Yes, they stay in touch and come back for Christmas or Easter. |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Marzena: strażak [natural native speed] |
| John: firefighter |
| Marzena: strażak [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: strażak [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: architekt [natural native speed] |
| John: architect |
| Marzena: architekt [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: architekt [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: lekarz [natural native speed] |
| John: doctor |
| Marzena: lekarz [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: lekarz [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: prawnik [natural native speed] |
| John: lawyer |
| Marzena: prawnik [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: prawnik [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: taki [natural native speed] |
| John: such |
| Marzena: taki [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: taki [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: dlatego [natural native speed] |
| John: because, so |
| Marzena: dlatego [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: dlatego [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: mądry [natural native speed] |
| John: clever |
| Marzena: mądry [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: mądry [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: uczennica [natural native speed] |
| John: schoolgirl |
| Marzena: uczennica [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: uczennica [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: znać [natural native speed] |
| John: to know |
| Marzena: znać [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: znać [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Marzena: pamięć [natural native speed] |
| John: memory |
| Marzena: pamięć [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: pamięć [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Marzena: lekarz |
| John: meaning "doctor." What can you tell us about this noun? |
| Marzena: Like many other professions in Poland, it’s used mostly in the masculine form. |
| John: What do we do if want to use it with women? |
| Marzena: We usually add pani, meaning "miss," even though a feminine version of the noun, lekarka, does exist. |
| John: Does this noun refer to the profession or to a person who is a doctor? |
| Marzena: It means the profession. To refer to a person, you can say doktor. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Marzena: Sure. For example, you can say, Muszę iść do lekarza. |
| John: ...which means "I have to go to the doctor." |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Marzena: znać coś na pamięć |
| John: meaning "to know something by heart." Can you break down this expression for us? |
| Marzena: The verb znać, meaning "to know," is followed by the object and phrase na pamięć. |
| John: This means “on the memory.” So the whole phrase becomes “to know something by heart.” |
| Marzena: You can use this phrase to say that you know something very well. |
| John: Is there anything we should be wary of? |
| Marzena: A very common mistake one can make here is using wiedzieć, which also translates to "to know," instead of znać. |
| John: Noted. Can you give us an example using our original phrase? |
| Marzena: Sure. For example, you can say, Znam już to na pamięć. |
| John: ...which means "I know it by heart already." |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll review Polish tenses. |
| John: As we’ve said before, there are only three tenses in Polish - past tense, present tense, and future tense. Let’s start with past tense. |
| Marzena: To make the past tense, you remove the final -ć and add a prefix. |
| John: The prefix you add depends on whether it’s singular, plural, feminine, masculine, or neuter. |
| Marzena: Right. All of the prefixes are listed in the lesson notes. |
| John: Let’s hear some example sentences. |
| Marzena: Nic nie kupiłam/kupiłem. |
| John: “I didn’t buy anything.” |
| Marzena: Późno poszłam spać. |
| John: “I went to sleep really late.” Now, let’s move onto the present tense. |
| Marzena: The ending of present tense verb depends on the last two or more letters. For example, verbs ending with -ać conjugate differently from verbs ending in -ić or -yć or verbs ending with -ować or -awać. |
| John: Again, all of the conjugations are in the lesson notes. Now let’s hear some sentence examples. |
| Marzena: Ona jest bardzo zmęczona. |
| John: “She is very tired.” |
| Marzena: Słyszysz ten dźwięk? |
| John: “Do you hear this sound?” |
| Marzena: Wiesz może, gdzie jest Marta? |
| John: “Do you know, by any chance, where Marta is?” Now, let’s move onto the future. |
| Marzena: The distinction between perfective and imperfective is stronger in the future tense than it is in the past or present. |
| John: How do we make the future tense with imperfective verbs? |
| Marzena: We use the verb być. |
| John: How about perfective verbs? |
| Marzena: We add the verb być to the past tense form of the imperfective verb. |
| John: Let’s finish up this lesson with some examples. |
| Marzena: Za rok będę pracować w innej firmie. |
| John: “In a year, I will be working for a different company.” |
| Marzena: Nie wiem, kiedy będę gotowy. |
| John: “I’m not sure when I will be ready.” |
| Marzena: Za rok pojadę do Afryki. |
| John: “In a year I will go to Africa.” We just spoke about perfective and imperfective verbs, so can you remind us what the difference is? |
| Marzena: In general, we use perfective to express completed action. |
| John: So imperfective verbs are used for ongoing actions. |
| Marzena: There are some expressions that are characteristic for imperfective and perfective. |
| John: There’s a table of these expressions in the lesson notes. For now, let’s hear some more examples. |
| Marzena: Przez rok nie jadłam mięsa. |
| John: “I wasn’t eating meat for a year.” |
| Marzena: Raz na rok chodzę do dentysty. |
| John: “I go to the dentist once a year.” |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you in another series! Bye! |
| Marzena: Cześć. |
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