Learn how to use adjectives
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| Cześć! Jestem Joanna. Hi! I’m Joanna. |
| Welcome to PolishPod101.com’s “Polski w 3 minuty”. The fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn Polish. |
| In the last lesson, we learned how to use Polish singular adjectives. |
| In this lesson we will learn how to use plural adjectives. |
| Do you remember the most important rule about adjectives, which I told you about in the last lesson? Let me remind you - the gender of an adjective has to agree with the gender of a noun. |
| In plural, we have masculine-personal gender and non-masculine-personal gender. |
| Masculine-personal is reserved only for nouns and adjectives describing humans, for example: gardeners, doctors, students and so on. That’s why we call it masculine-personal. The 2nd one is non-masculine-personal which is used for plural feminine and neuter nouns. |
| Now let’s see how to make adjectives in these two genders. First I’ll give you a basic form of an adjective and then the masculine-personal and non-masculine personal form. First, adjectives that end with “y”. |
| “lazy” - leniwy - leniwi - leniwe |
| “fat” - gruby - grubi - grube |
| “beautiful” - piękny - piękni - piękne |
| “calm” - spokojny - spokojni - spokojne |
| “crazy” - zwariowany - zwariowani - zwariowane |
| To create a masculine-personal form we changed “y”, in Polish “Y” into “i” , in Polish “i” and to create non-masculine form we removed “y” from the basic masculine form and put “e” instead. |
| Now let’s try doing the same with the second group of adjectives, the ones that end with “i”. Again I will give you the basic masculine form first and then masculine-personal and finally non-masculine-personal. |
| “tall” - wysoki - wysocy - wysokie |
| “short” - niski - niscy - niskie |
| “blue” - niebieski - niebiescy - niebieskie |
| “ugly” - brzydki - brzydcy - brzydkie |
| To make the masculine-personal form here we have to replace the last two letters “ki”, in Polisk “ki” with “cy”, in Polish “cy”. And to make the non-masculine-personal form we jut have to add “e”, in Polish “e” to the basic masculine form. |
| Now let’s practice a little bit. |
| If we want to say “Those students are lazy” we would say in Polish “Tamci studenci są leniwi”. |
| Tamci means “those”, studenci means “students”, są is the verb być “to be” conjugated for Tamci studenci. And finally leniwi is the masculine-personal form of the adjective leniwy, “lazy”. |
| Now let’s try to make a sentence using a non-masculine-personal noun. For example koty, which means “cats” in English. |
| “My cats are ugly”, Moje koty są brzydkie. |
| Moje koty stands for “my cats”, then są is the conjugated verb być, “to be” and finally brzydkie, the non-masculine-personal form of adjective brzydki, “ugly”. |
| Now it’s time for Joanna’s Insights. |
| The most important thing to remember about Polish adjectives is that they have to agree with the noun they describe. So the first thing you have to do is recognize a gender of the noun and then choose the right form of adjective. |
| Remember, in singular we have 3 genders - masculine, feminine and neuter. In plural we have 2 genders - masculine-personal which is used for masculine and personal nouns and non-masculine-personal, which is used for plural feminine, neuter, personal and non-personal. |
| Now you can use Polish adjectives! In the next lesson we will start learning about Polish verbs. |
| Be sure to join us for the next Polski w 3 minuty lesson! |
| Do zobaczenia! |
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